As the industry-focused Ordinals completed the Jubilee upgrade at Bitcoin block height 824544, Cursed Inscriptions officially became its swan song. I have been following Cursed Inscription since May. In this tweet, I try to summarize the past and present life of Cursed Inscription. None of the projects mentioned below constitute investment advice, DYOR.1/ What is Curse Inscription The birth of Curse Inscription is a beautiful misunderstanding, a romance unique to programmers. Last April, Ordinals founder Casey discovered that Ordinals had some bugs, which resulted in some inscriptions (of various types) not being indexed. The Ordinals team calls these inscriptions "cursed". At the same time, in order to avoid conflict with the existing inscription numbers (all positive numbers), the team gave these cursed inscriptions "negative numbers", starting from -1, so the curse Inscriptions are also called negative inscriptions. At that time, Casey listed the types of curse inscriptions: 1) A burning transaction contains multiple inscriptions 2) An inscription that is not the first input in the burning transaction 3) There are multiple inscriptions on a satoshi 4) Used during burning Unrecognized operation codes, such as OP_66. In the Ordinals system, the inscription number is a very important existence. Many NFT projects are worth a lot of money because of their high numbers. For example, Sub 10K refers to a collection of inscriptions numbered within 10,000. The current floor price is as high as 0.0735 BTC. Currently, there are over 53 million Ordinals inscriptions (including BRC-20), all positive numbers. There was also an episode in the middle. In September last year, Casey wanted to give up the inscription number to reduce development and maintenance costs. But this will undoubtedly erase some narratives related to the inscription number, so this proposal has been opposed by the community with particularly loud voices. Eventually Casey gave in and continued with the Ordinals inscription number. Tweet at the time: https://twitter.com/_0xSea_/status/1708297030056181984 However, the cursed inscription is a bug after all, so the Ordinals team will definitely fix it at some point in time. If not fixed, it will add additional costs to Ordinals development and maintenance in the long term. 2/ Repair and upgrade of Cursed Inscription In November last year, Casey said that the bug of Cursed Inscription would be fixed at block height 820512.However, due to some reasons, it was delayed to block height 824544, which is today, the upgrade was completed, and it was also called Jubilee. For this upgrade, the Ordinals team had to check more types of cursed inscriptions one by one and repair them, which took a lot of time. Moreover, more types of cursed inscriptions will be discovered and reordered during the process, so the numbers of some cursed inscriptions will change. 3/ The impact and consequences of repair and upgrade The process of repair and upgrade is called Bless by the Ordinals team. To put it simply, after bug fixes and upgrades, inscriptions that were originally cursed due to various loopholes will be "blessed" and become normal positive inscription numbers. The Cursed Inscription is now out of print. Inscriptions that have previously been assigned negative numbers will continue to be negative (cursed) inscriptions. In this way, the negative inscription (curse inscription) becomes a rare edition with a limited number and has a certain hype value. If the inscription is compared to engraving on banknotes/gold, the curse inscription is like a wrong version of the banknote. When the banknote printing factory is printing, malfunctions or bugs may occur, resulting in the appearance of "error notes". Many people also collect or speculate on them. In terms of quantity, there are about 500,000 curse inscriptions, and the number of rare satins (uncommon sat) has reached 800,000. The cursed inscription is even more "rare" than the rare Satoshi. 4/ Cursed inscription tokens. NFT collections with some cursed inscriptions, such as Cursed Bitcoin Punks, Cursed Pokemon, etc., have received a lot of attention. There are two main targets in terms of token, which are -crsd and -tap in chronological order. They are both deployed by Benny. Let’s discuss them separately below. 5/ About -crsd As far as I know, -crsd is the first cursed BRC-20 token with a total amount of 21 million, which was completed mint on May 25, 2023. However, because the Ordinals development team has not improved the index before, and domo called on the community to lock the ord version at 0.9.0 in October, it has been unable to transfer and trade. However, several recent events have given -crsd a glimmer of hope. First, after Ordinals completes this Jubilee upgrade, they should have indexed the types and numbers of all curse inscriptions; second, there has been a lot of discussion around the upgrade of BRC-20 recently, and the current conclusion is that Unisat and domo have reached a consensus and will upgrade accordingly. , so BRC-20 should also be compatible with cursed inscription;Third, Unisat has mentioned in previous tweets that they will support cursed inscriptions. Source: https://twitter.com/unisat_wallet/status/1739632188617015543. However, in general, -crsd cannot be transferred yet, and there is no transaction price and market value information. . 6/ About -tap-tap is the current cursed inscription token Long Yi. Its total amount is also 21 million, and mint will be completed on August 7, 2023. I wrote a long introduction on August 10th, you can review it here: https://twitter.com/_0xSea_/status/1689560490907680768 Now 5 months have passed, I would like to take this opportunity to update the fundamentals of this project: 1 ) -tap is a cursed inscription token based on Ordinals, but does not belong to BRC-20. -tap has had a relatively active community consensus base, circulation volume and price in the past five months. The current OTC and exchange prices are between 1.25-1.5, and the market value is less than $30 million. 2) In addition to the attributes of the cursed inscription token, -tap is also the first token of Tap Protocol (BRC-20 improved protocol), earlier than $tap. Tap Protocol has completed US$4.2 million in financing as a whole, with the participation of multiple institutions, and will then airdrop $tap tokens to -tap holders. The NAT project that became popular some time ago was also released based on Tap Protocol. However, Tap Protocol’s current infrastructure is still relatively poor and lacks a native trading platform. Ordinals Wallet already supports querying and trading of multiple assets on Tap Protocol. Currently -tap has been listed on the centralized exchange SuperEx, and some transactions rely on OTC. 7/ About transfers Since Ordinals no longer generate curse inscriptions, the previous -tap transfer method is no longer applicable. After actual testing by @shep_eth and I, transfers can be made in a new way. For details, please refer to his article (updated today): https://paragraph.xyz/@shep/tap-token-ransfer has been Ordinals for the past six months. The outbreak period of BRC-20 was also the embryonic period of Cursed Inscription. Today’s Jubilee upgrade gives Cursed Glyph new life. I believe that in this round of bull market driven by BTC ETF and BTC Inscription ecology, Cursed Inscription will inevitably follow. The analysis of this article comes from: (Everyone can learn from it) https://twitter.com/_0xSea_/status/1743512063593546052/photo/3#ORDI #SATS #PIPE #UDSW #TAP

1. Things about Ordinals 1. Ordinals protocol Ordinals was born in December 2022 and was developed by Casey Rodarmor. The protocol is a system for numbering Sat (Satoshi). Orninals track each Satoshi in transactions by giving them a serial number. At the same time, users can attach additional data (images, videos, text, etc.) in the Bitcoin block through Ordinals. On the chain, each Satoshi is unique and thus has the properties of NFT. 2. BRC-20 (a token standard based on the Ordinals protocol) BRC-20 was born on March 8, 2023, and was launched by the anonymous developer domodata (a person who wears a mask in public). BRC-20 is an "improved" protocol based on the Ordinals above. This protocol implements the deployment, minting and transfer of tokens by writing the token name, total amount and other information into Satoshi in standardized JSON format. The name BRC-20 sounds very much like the well-known Ethereum ERC-20 token standard, so we can also simply understand BRC-20 as an altcoin developed based on Ordinals (that is, based on Bitcoin) Release Agreement. The first token of the BRC-20 protocol is called Ordi. This concept has become popular twice this year, first in May-June and more recently in October-November. 3. STAMPS Protocol (SRC-20) Stamps (also known as Bitcoin “stamps”) was launched by anonymous developer Mike In Space. Stamps is an “improvement” of the Counterparty (a protocol born in 2014) protocol. Version", its biggest feature is that it can always exist on the BTC chain, and all nodes must synchronize this data. That is, it can embed image data in base64 format into the transaction output on the Bitcoin chain, thereby permanently saving the corresponding image data on the Bitcoin chain. After Ordinals/BRC-20 became popular, Stamps also became popular for a while, but maybe because it was more expensive and difficult to popularize, it seemed that it didn't become popular again. The advantage of Ordinals is that they are cheap. At that time, casting normally only cost 3-5 US dollars, while STAMPS cost almost 60 US dollars per time. 4. Atomcial Protocol (ARC-20) The Atomcial protocol was born on September 17, 2023, and was launched by another anonymous developer (he believed that Ordinals had some shortcomings, so he wanted to continue to improve it).Unlike the Ordinals protocol, which was originally designed for NFTs, Atomcial rethinks how to issue Tokens on BTC in a centralized, tamper-proof and fair manner from the bottom up. ARC-20 is also the first token protocol to mint inscriptions through POW, which means that participants can directly mine inscriptions/NFTs like they used to mine Bitcoin. A few days later (September 21), someone issued Atom, the first token on the Atomicals protocol, and it was mined in less than 5 hours. 5. Runes Protocol With the popularity of BRC-20, transactions of BRC-20 related tokens account for the majority of the Ordinals protocol. This matter seems to make CEO Casey Rodarmor feel very unhappy. According to Casey Rodarmor, he believes that BRC-20 will generate "garbage" and occupy the Bitcoin space. Coupled with the emergence of Atomics, a newbie. On September 26, 2023, Casey Rodarmor redeveloped a protocol called Runes (which is what everyone now refers to as the Rune Protocol) as a replacement for BRC-20. This protocol is a simple FT (Fungible Token, fungible token) protocol based on UTXO (Unspent Transaction Output) that enables Bitcoin users to have a good experience. Also because the protocol is based on UTXO, it means they can be more easily integrated into RGB or Lightning Networks. There is also an episode here. When B'an launched the ORDI token, he mistakenly stated that the official website introduction of the token was directly related to the Ordinals protocol. This made boss Casey Rodarmor very unhappy, and he made a strict clarification and asked B Ann deleted the introduction content related to Ordinals. 6. After the Pipe protocol appeared in BRC-20, an active developer named Beny appeared in its community. This guy is not only an outstanding developer, but also a master who takes advantage of the hot spots. He launched the BRC-20 printing tool LooksOrdinal in March this year, deployed the inscription crsd in May, launched an improved version of the Tap Protocol based on BRC-20 in August (essentially also based on the Ordinals protocol), and launched it again in October. An improved version of Pipe protocol based on Runes (mainly adding mint function based on Runes). 2. What is the difference between inscriptions and runes? We have actually mentioned above that the Runes protocol is the rune protocol.But at that time, the Runes protocol did not cause much market turmoil. Until recently, a project called Rune Alpha was launched, which directly drove market sentiment and caused FOMO among users (the reason for FOMO may also be because the name is too similar to the Runes protocol) . Although boss Casey Rodarmor has immediately posted on social media that Rune Alpha has nothing to do with his Runes, and the Rune Alpha project team has also explained that it has nothing to do with it, Rune Alpha’s first issued token COOK still attracts the attention of many users. Crazy casting. At the same time, pipe, the first token based on the Pipe protocol, also began to be hyped, and the flames even directly burned the tokens of the Ethrunes protocol. Ethrunes is a token protocol based on ERC-1155 (Ethereum) and combines the features of BRC20. The first token of this protocol is ERS. So, what is the difference between inscriptions and runes? From a technical point of view, let’s directly quote Boss Cosine: A key difference between Bitcoin Inscription and Rune is that the inscription is engraved in the Segregated Witness data, while the rune is engraved in OP_RETURN inside. The data size that OP_RETURN can store is very limited, but it is more than enough for issuing coins. This is not a new technology. 3. Tokens representing inscriptions and runes Next, let’s sort out the tokens of related protocols in the simplest way (there are too many, only a very small part is listed here). 1. Bitcoin system BRC-20 (inscription): Ordi (dragon head), sats, rats, udswARC-20 (inscription): ATOM (dragon head), RealmSRC-20 (stamp): stamp, kevin, utxoRune (rune): Pipe (leading) UDSWRune Alpha (rune): COOK, PSBTS2. Ethereum system Ethscription: eths (leading), FacetIERC-20: ethi Of course, because the inscription/rune hotspot is very high now, there are many inscriptions appearing, such as based on Inscriptions for various other chains: DRC-20 (Dogecoin): dogiBSC-20 (BSC): bnbsSPL-20 (SOL): SolsLRC-20 (Litecoin): litePRC-20 (Polygon): polsASC-20 (Avalanche): avav , asct, avasTRC-20 (TRON): trxiORC-20, etc. 4. Inscription/rune related tools The most commonly used tool should be the wallet, and currently some wallets also integrate trading market functions.For most newcomers, a wallet is all they need. OKX Wallet: Currently it can support BRC-20 and SRC-20 (this protocol only supports wallet addresses starting with 1 and does not support addresses starting with bc1), and has built-in functions for trading and issuing BRC-20 tokens and NFTs. It also supports public chains such as ETH, SLO, and AVAX. Unisat Wallet: Currently a BTC wallet with a relatively high usage rate. It currently supports BRC 20 and SRC 20 (addresses starting with bc1 are not supported either), and there is a trading market. There are also other options such as Atomic Wallet (ARC20), Unielon Wallet (DRC20), etc. If the functions of the wallet still do not satisfy you, then you can consider some specialized market platforms (tools). For example: Stampscan or Openstamp (SRC-20 market) Atomic Market (ARC-20 market) Avascription (ASC-20 market) Magic Eden or Tensor trade (SPL-20 market), etc. The following are the inscription tools that I have collected and organized. Encyclopedia (address as follows) coinbrain.top Inscription-related tools. Judging from the current overall trend of the inscription market, it can be roughly divided into several directions, such as the classical faction represented by ordi, the community-driven MEME faction represented by sats and rats, the technical faction represented by atom, and The main faction of institutions is represented by mubi (MultiBit is the first two-way cross-chain bridge for cross-network transfers between BRC20 and ERC20 tokens). 5. Bitcoin ecological projects As the above various inscription protocols continue to gain popularity, layer 2 in the Bitcoin ecosystem may become the next wave of hot topics. Take the Lightning Network as an example. The Lightning Network is a "long-standing" Bitcoin layer2 concept, but the problem is that the Lightning Network does not support smart contracts. So it gives other layer2 protocols a chance. For example: Taproot Assets: A protocol launched on October 19 that enables instant, high-volume and low-fee transactions over the Lightning Network. Nostr Assets: One of the more popular protocols recently, the related tokens trick and treat have also increased a lot. In addition to the above protocols, there are also some protocols with relatively complete technologies, such as Stacks, RGB and BitVM. Their main difference is that Stacks is suitable for Ethereum application migration, BitVM emphasizes off-chain computing and fraud protection, and RGB focuses more on privacy.In short, as the BRC-20 ecosystem expands, we expect to see a large number of interesting projects launched. Next, I will continue to list some other projects that are worthy of attention in the near future. The first project is CHAXCHAX, a RWA pioneer in the Bitcoin ecosystem and Ordinals, Atomics, and Taproot asset liquidity infrastructure. It is a protocol that provides liquidity construction and revenue for the BRC20 project. Additionally, they created L2 Rollup as a way to scale Ordinals and Atomics and expand them into the broader Bitcoin DeFi space. 21% of the maximum supply of the project’s tokens is in circulation. The second project is OrdiZKOrdiZK, which is a cross-chain bridge between the Ethereum and Bitcoin networks using zk-SNARKS technology. The third project is Ordinal Tools. Ordinal Tools is a Tele Bot project that provides a two-way bridge for the transmission between BRC20 and ERC20 tokens. 99.5% of the project’s total token supply is in circulation. The fourth project is Dova Protocol. Dova is a BRC-30S lending protocol with an integrated MultiBit bridge that allows seamless transfer of BRC-20 tokens across chains. Users can then use the Dova protocol on Ethereum to use the transferred tokens. currency for mortgage loans. In addition, users can also access Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, Polygon, etc. through the BRC-30S protocol, or expand loans, games, NFT and other services. The fifth project is NXHUBNxHub, an aggregation market running on Ordinals. It captures order data from platforms such as UniSat, OKX, MagicEden and OrdinalsWallet and displays it in an aggregated manner. The 6th project is OrdBridge OrdBridge is the first bridge that allows users to seamlessly transfer BRC-20 tokens between BTC and Ethereum. Its outstanding feature is the ability to send BRC to ERC and be backward compatible. That is, they found a way to bridge ERC (ETH) — ERC (AVAX) and the native BRC token, and users can transfer the native BRC token between BRC, ETH, and AVAX. The seventh project is Unitydexswap. As the first DEX inscription in the Bitcoin ecosystem, Unitydexswap ensures that you experience infinitely convenient transactions. Experience the cutting-edge of decentralized finance with UDSW. UDSW leads BRC20, integrating inscriptions, runes, DEX, Staking, DEFI and Depin.Unitydexswap (UDSW) is the first DEX inscription in the Bitcoin ecosystem, making transactions infinitely more convenient. But we need to remind you again that new projects tend to be relatively risky, and all the project lists we listed above are for learning purposes only. Note: The above content is only a personal perspective and analysis. It is only used for popular science learning and communication and does not constitute any investment advice. The crypto market is an extremely high-risk area. Please treat it rationally, increase your awareness of risk prevention, and abide by the relevant laws and regulations of the country and region where you are located! #ORDI #SATS #UDSW #PIPE

Bitcoin Ordinals are an innovative non-fungible token (NFT) based on Bitcoin that creates unique digital assets by attaching data to the smallest unit of Bitcoin - satoshi. Adopts a logical sorting system to assign a unique number to each satoshi, achieving full integration with Bitcoin natively. This unique design attracted more than 200,000 mints, injecting new vitality into the Bitcoin NFT market. The rise of Bitcoin Ordinals is mainly attributed to its innovative nature and native integration with Bitcoin, making it a hot topic in the digital asset market. 1. What is Ordinals inscription 1. Inscription is a digital imprint implemented on the Bitcoin chain through the Ordinals protocol. In the Bitcoin ecosystem, the smallest unit of BTC is sat (satoshi), and 1 BTC is equal to 100 million satoshis. The Ordinals protocol allows users to write data such as images, text, video, and audio directly into satoshis, turning them into a type of digital artwork known as "Inscriptions." This process is different from NFTs on Ethereum, but is recorded directly on the Bitcoin blockchain. BRC-20 (Bitcoin Reversible Coin 20) is a token standard based on the Bitcoin network, similar to the ERC-20 standard in the Ethereum network. 2. Unlike ERC-20 tokens, BRC-20 tokens are minted not through smart contracts, but through the Ordinals protocol to inscribe text on satoshi, making it a special type of inscription. The BRC-20 token has smart contract capabilities, allowing more complex financial interactions and applications, and better integration with the Bitcoin ecosystem. In summary, inscriptions are digital imprints that are minted, transferred, and destroyed directly on the Bitcoin chain through the Ordinals protocol, and can contain data such as images, text, video, and audio. The BRC-20 token is a special type of inscription that is minted on Bitcoin through the Ordinals protocol and has smart contract functionality, similar to Ethereum’s ERC-20 token. 2. What is the value of inscription? The greater value than NFT lies in the uniqueness and technological innovation of inscription. Although NFT is also a form of digital assets, inscriptions provide more possibilities and unique characteristics in some aspects: 1. Directly recorded on the Bitcoin blockchain: Unlike NFTs that use blockchains such as Ethereum, inscriptions Recorded directly on the Bitcoin blockchain.This makes the inscription even more secure and tamper-proof, as the Bitcoin blockchain is one of the most secure blockchains out there. 2. Personalized digital gold: Bitcoin serves as a storage unit of digital gold, and the inscription adds personalization and uniqueness to each Satoshi. This characteristic may make inscriptions more attractive in the field of digital gold and become a unique expression of digital gold. 3. The innovative nature of conceptual inscriptions: Inscriptions are not limited to storing images or files, but can also be used to create conceptual inscriptions. These conceptual inscriptions may represent abstract concepts, ideas or cultural values, giving wider possibilities to the creativity of digital assets. #ORDI #SATS #UDSW